What to feed mule deer?

Founder

Founder Since 1999
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I know that most game agencies don't like for people to feed deer, but I'm curious if anyone knows what a person might feed mule deer that won't make them sick or worse?

The snow is deep around my place. Need the sun to shine and melt off some snow. The deer keep pushing lower and lower into town.

Brian Latturner
MonsterMuleys.com
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Several years ago when we had a tough winter. Game and Fish supplied me with several tons of cracked corn to feed the deer. We are having another one of those winters. I am feeding 40-50 at my place and have been for about 6-weeks. They all look pretty good considering. Nice to help out but this year has been tough. Haven't talked to G&F about helping out. Long term forecast looks pretty good in summit county. So hopefully we are close to being over the hump.
 
Don't feed them. The impact you have is so minimal it only helps very few in your isolated areas.
Then you also get them thinking that each year there will be food there and then they will depend on it. Especially for that winter. once you start you cannot stop.

Deer have survived thousands of years in worse winters than this without assisted feeding, don't start now.

oh don't forget that it is a great way to spread disease throughout the entire group ensuring they ALL die.


Mntman

"Hunting is where you prove yourself"
 
That's a tough question Founder. If you mean 100% feed them, it is very difficult to do. If they can browse and you are going to provide a supplement it's a different situation. There are lots of commercial deer feeds and your local feed mill may make you a custom feed. Corn is an energy source, so it can help as a supplement. But if they need a more complete ration, it may be late in the year to get them started. They have flora in their rumens and it is very difficult to make an abrupt change in diet. They'll have difficulty digesting the new feed.

I'll PM you and not waste a lot of space here.

Best of luck to your deer.
 
I feed some deer, and I feed Half rolled corn & half sweet mix.(grain mix & molasses) There are a lot of different varieties of sweet mix. They like it all. I give'm a bale of hay every 3 days. And keep a block of salt on site. I have tried pellets and wafers. They seem to prefer corn and grain mix. I am not encouraging feeding, It needs to be done in the right place. And everyday once you start. It is a big commitment and expensive. I am sure you are up to the task, but most are not. Winter never misses us here. So I always start feeding by Jan. 15. I do hear what your sayin about not feeding them. But a thousand years ago there wasn't subdivisions and busy roads for them to contend with. And there was a lot more Winter Range to Range on. Hope this helps.
 
What's the Difference of Feeding them in the Summer Versus Feeding them in the Winter?

Same Feed!

Summer They're standing in it!

Winter they'll get a Few Bales Fed to them when Times are Tough!

Don't know what it is,but they don't OverDose on Trophy Rock here,They'll Lick it a little but just not their Favorite Candy!





[font color="blue"]"This is the USA where people get Paid to Watch
People that are
Watching You!"[/font]
 
They like ornamental trees, shrubs, plants and bushes, I don't know if it is good for them. I have an orchard they come in and dig down for the old dried apples. They love apples and carrots. They dig through the snow and pull the carrots. Bird food they can clean out a bird feeder in 15 seconds. Rose hips and woody plants like grapes are good. I don't feed them, most are fit for table fare. Maybe they are carnivorous I seen one try to catch and kill the neighbor cat. Rutnbuck
 
In the past I have helped with the deer feeding program on the Cache. We fed an alfalfa pellet made for deer and crack corn.

According to some Biologist it takes a week or so for deer to get used to the feed, and to get off the feed. You DON'T want to feed grass hay,unless they have been eating it all winter and are used to it.

You need to feed through March if you start.

Deer will get used to feed in future years and congregate.

If you feed, feed above roads where dogs and people won't harass and where deer wont have to cross roads, to help prevent accidents.

Disease is also a concern.

The deer were in good shape going into the winter. We have ave to slight above average snow in most places in Northern Ut. We don't have extreme cold temps and the forecast is good in the next week or so. I'm not an expert, but I suggest not feeding deer at this time. No one has a crystal ball, but we usually don't have long periods of sub zero weather the end of February and March.

We will have some winter kill this year. We already have. Just some personal thoughts.
 
I won't feed them, for now at least. Hopefully they're ok. They probably are. They roam the neighborhood at night. They're probably feasting on good stuff somewhere.

Brian Latturner
MonsterMuleys.com
LIKE MonsterMuleys.com on Facebook!
 
Deer feed in my yard year around. Now they are eating the crab apples and dried olives that have fallen and they scratch through our compost pile. I do put out a supplement of Corn, sunflower seeds, and in the shell peanuts almost daily. Then we have a molasses block of corn, sunflower, and various other seeds for all critters including birds to pick away at.

In the future we have made plans for plum trees and honeysuckle which deer love and is nutrious for their browse which is also backed up by sage and various other native plants. We aid in the plants growth annually with period watering, fertizing, weed control, and trimmings. Seems to work well for us.

"Courage is being scared to death but
saddling up anyway."
 
LAST EDITED ON Feb-04-16 AT 01:41PM (MST)[p]LAST EDITED ON Feb-04-16 AT 12:46?PM (MST)

Deer have wintered in my yard for 40 years, that I know of, and probably before I got here too. Their numbers fluctuate, they trend up and down. Since they started to remove extra coyotes off this unit, and the back to, to back, mild winters, the number of deer in my yard are trending up.

BobCat's right, these yard deer move through my yard in the evening and morning in during late fall, to and from the alfalfa fields. So......"live" but dormant alfalfa is suppling "some" of their diet. Deer choice alfalfa, it's not because that's all they can select from, in this area. I've heard that deer eat alfalfa like kids will choice candy over vegetables and suffer malnutrition because of their poor choice. I'm more inclined to believe deer have a natural, built in, instinct to eat what they need to survive. I could be wrong, I don't have a four year degree in mule deer studies.

(Six deer just walked past my patio door, and are eating the pine needles off my Austrian Pines in the back of the house. :) Oops, there go two more! )

With a picture, it didn't happen?

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After we get snow on the alfalfa fields, the deer stop feeding there. Even when the snow melts, they just don't seem to go back into those feeds as much. They will often revert to hay stacks after the field alfalfa freezes or gets snow on it, as I said, even after the snow melts, they don't seem to feed on it much, after that.

Would they, if they were really hungry, I don't know, because they aren't hungry, unless those same fields are under a foot or two of snow. So they can't get down to find food there, even if they are starving. If that makes sense.

So.......if they eat field hay, before it freezes or gets snowed on, and then switch to the dry, bailed hay, in deep winter (Jan. and Feb.) what is the danger in putting out alfalfa bails for deer, in really heavy snow or ice crusted over conditions?

I understand the abrupt "change in diet" statement claims but it's pretty hard for me to watch any animal starve to death in my yard. At some point, I'm inclined to "try something". And.........call me an ignorant sceptic if ya like, I've seen plenty of "proven biological science" disproven (made that word up. ;-) ), over the years. Often, if things are repeated often enough, they become true, whether they are or not.

As to the concern of "pulling" unnatural numbers of deer together and creating a potential petri dish for a deadly spread of death by disease, I'm not buying that, as a common phenomena either. "COULD" it happen, yes. "COULD" a pack of wolves show up and kill'em all yes, but it's highly unlikely. "COULD" is word that is used far to often to put fear in our hearts. In some natural winter ranges there are hundreds of deer/elk wintering in close proximity.

Secondly, deer don't have telephones, they can't call other deer, a mile away, to tell them there is food over here, come on over for dinner. A herd/family of deer in one canyon can be starving to death, while another herd/family of deer in the next canyon over is doing just fine. Sure, deer that bed together, travel to and from feed areas to get feed and then get spread out, will, congregate on a "good spots" when feed gets hard to find, I get that, but it takes years of conditioning, in fact, years and years of supplementing feed before deer or elk become "dependent" on the supplementation process.

If you feed deer in staving winters, and stop feeding them, when winters are not causing them to starve, they will quickly revert back to foraging naturally. The only way I've ever seen big game become dependent, year after year, on supplemental feeding, is when it's done for years and years in a row, be it good or bad winters. In those situations, herds/families of animals become "trained, from birth to death" where and how to obtain food during "all winters".

If you don't believe it, during a really bad winter, put a couple of hay bails out where deer are bedding. Then, drive a mile a way, where there are no deer tracks and put out a couple of bails. The bails close to the bedding deer will get eaten. No deer, starving or otherwise will find or eat the hay bails a mere mile away, over even a half mile.

Further, feed deer for a winter one year, and skip the next, I guarantee you the deer you fed last year will not starve to death, they will very quickly adjust back to natural foraging. Now, if you feed them every year, the size of the herd/family will grow and they'll come back year after year.

To get deer or elk throw a single bad winter or even two, by providing supplement feed is absolutely the way to manage big game, in my opinion.

Well.......you asked for opinions and I'm lousy at "one liners". :)

DC
 
My friend has a ranch. He feeds his cattle in the pasture in front of his house. I've watched the deer that live around there come in and start feeding on the hay not long after he's done spreading it. The stuff they're eating dried came from the same pasture they were eating in during the fall. Last archery season I counted over a 100 deer one evening feeding in that field.
 
Deer will do OK on hay if they are used to eating it. Alfalfa is better than grass hay.
Sportsmen would feed 100-200 elk on the Millville face every winter for more than 30 years. About 30-50 deer would also eat hay. They were used to it.

If you feed deer grass hay, when they are in fair to poor condition and they are not used to eating it, they most likely will die with a full belly of grass according to biologist.

Deer pellets, corn, Alfalfa hay, and mineral salt is what we fed at feed stations in the past. It worked well if started soon enough. It's a guessing game with the weather.

DWR and sportsmen flew Ogden canyon and Hennefer/Echo area and may start to feed in that area. Some CWMU's are feeding.
 
The much needed warmer temps and no snow in the near forecast is much needed in Northern Ut.

The temps at Beaver Mountain ski resort was 45 degrees. The south slopes are baring off up Logan Canyon. Most deer will probably do OK in this area. Seen a few that looked pretty good. Good news.
 
I've always admired deer being able to survive without any equipment or supplies except their hides and what they can find along the way, compared to most people who can't camp for one night anymore without a well stocked trailer with a heater and indoor toilet.

Back in the killer winter of 1983, a farmer in Cache Valley said the DWR gave him pellets to feed about 100 deer in his neighborhood. He said some of the fawns got scours and died until he started feeding them course stalks from his hay that his dairy cows wouldn't eat. He said that after he started that, he went through the rest of the worst winter in a century without losing a single one.

Deer didn't used to bother the hay in my barn until the last few years. Probably because of the new leash laws that don't allow the dogs to run wild all over town anymore.

I had deer attacking the hay in my barn earlier in the winter, so I covered it with plywood and they all left except one fawn. Every day, when I went out to feed the bulls, it would take off out of the empty part of the barn and run away. The snow finally got so deep it was up way past its belly so it started sticking to packed down trails. He has been going steadily downhill and his eyes were swollen shut, so I worried he would give the bulls a disease. I would like to have put him out of his misery, but didn't because I was hoping he might survive the winter. I ran out of alfalfa hay and started feeding the bulls grass hay a couple of weeks ago, and the fawn started going downhill faster after that. The last two days before he died, he was too weak to stand up when I walked past him 5 feet way, as I fed the bulls.

Sadly, on Tuesday morning he was laying dead in the manger.

I haven't seen any other deer nearby lately in my mountain valley. I think they may have migrated lower than usual this winter.

Turkeys are another matter. I have them in my yard every day this winter, and with 3 feet of snow on the ground, they seem to be willing to eat anything they can get their beaks on out around the neighborhood.
 
I've got a yearling that's been staying close to my house the last few days. I'm certain that it won't make the next 30 days. It's weak and can hardly stand when I walk by. It's just killing me to watch this. I operate a CWMU in northern Utah and would normally let nature take it's course but this is hard to watch. If it could make it just three more weeks but, sadly, I don't think it will. Even though I'm involved in the hunting game I have the greatest respect for these animals and can't bare to see them suffer. I'm pretty sure the mother has been taken by coyotes, otherwise it wouldn't be here alone.
 
Several years ago when we had a tough winter. Game and Fish supplied me with several tons of cracked corn to feed the deer. We are having another one of those winters. I am feeding 40-50 at my place and have been for about 6-weeks. They all look pretty good considering. Nice to help out but this year has been tough. Haven't talked to G&F about helping out. Long term forecast looks pretty good in summit county. So hopefully we are close to being over the hump.
Corn in large qaunities, will actually
Kill deer there is, no nutritional value, in corn, it gives them diarea
Its nothing more then a filler
 
The big catch is it take a while for them to adapt to eating something new. They cannot digest it for a few days or weeks. So when you first start they get almost no nutrition - but are full and stop eating. If they are doing bad now feeding might be the last straw unless sit is something they have been eating.

It takes time to develop bacteria in the gut to digest new foods. I believe humans are the same way.
 
I have fed a lot of Deer in the bad winters, through fish and game. You should only feed them Alfalfa Pellets for Deer, which are hard to get, possibly a big feed company in Ogden.
 
Corn in large qaunities, will actually
Kill deer there is, no nutritional value, in corn, it gives them diarea
Its nothing more then a filler
Yep he’s right. Some won’t hurt but a lot won’t do anything it just goes right through them. It’s the same way with cows. Maybe try steam rolled, it can stay with them longer.
 
Antler Max is the best feed I know for mule deer.
Good for fawns and pregnant does as well as antler health.
Pretty spendy but worthy!
 
Thinking of this from a land manager's prospective I have a great recommendation. Improve the native range that exists on your winter and summer ranges. Improve the nutritional quality and availability of native browse and forage that exists in your area for long-term success and healthier mule deer.

If you have cheatgrass on your winter range with remnant native forbs, shrubs, sub-shrubs, and perennial grass present there is a pretty simple solution for long-term cheatgrass control that will significantly increase fresh, nutritious browse and forage growth!

Every couple of weeks there seems to be similar posts on this and other websites. I'm actually giving a couple presentations at an invasive weed conference on this exact topic in a couple weeks.

Sorry this doesn't help you this year! If you have cheatgrass and want a long-term solution for future years please send me a PM and I'd be glad to help you out!
 
Thinking of this from a land manager's prospective I have a great recommendation. Improve the native range that exists on your winter and summer ranges. Improve the nutritional quality and availability of native browse and forage that exists in your area for long-term success and healthier mule deer.

If you have cheatgrass on your winter range with remnant native forbs, shrubs, sub-shrubs, and perennial grass present there is a pretty simple solution for long-term cheatgrass control that will significantly increase fresh, nutritious browse and forage growth!

Every couple of weeks there seems to be similar posts on this and other websites. I'm actually giving a couple presentations at an invasive weed conference on this exact topic in a couple weeks.

Sorry this doesn't help you this year! If you have cheatgrass and want a long-term solution for future years please send me a PM and I'd be glad to help you out!
And buffle grass is a ecological nightmare, it’s really messed up our quail and deer population,
 
Plant deer friendly shrubbery in your yard, that is far better than corn or alfalfa which actually draw them to an unnatural food source.
Those should be in emergency cases only.
 
Unfortunately some of the large tracts of native winter browse isn’t a guarantee and can disappear with more intense and more frequent wildfires. The wildfires are sparked and fueled by dense cheatgrass thatch! We are finding where cheatgrass is controlled there are often mosaic burns that aren’t as intense.

Cheatgrass also robs the life out of those same native browse species. We are finding a 7x increase in native browse leader growth biomass where dense cheatgrass is controlled.
 
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Unfortunately some of the large tracts of native winter browse isn’t a guarantee and can disappear with more intense and more frequent wildfires. The wildfires are sparked and fueled by dense cheatgrass thatch! We are finding where cheatgrass is controlled there are often mosaic burns that aren’t as intense.

Cheatgrass also robs the life out of those same native browse species. We are finding a 75% increase in native browse leader growth biomass where dense cheatgrass is controlled.
I didn't say we are guaranteed to have it. I said IT's present is guaranteed winter feed. Aside from that point... you're absolutely correct. Some good research out there on a fungus that consumes cheatgrass seed.
Personally I'm attempting heavy early-spring grazing as a means of controlling cheatgrass/junegrass. As well as persistent application of competitive vegetation.
Have had decent luck with Great Basin Seed's drylands pasture mix. It incorporates Small Burnet.. Nitrogen fixing, drought tolerant and appears to proliferate with grazing.
If you're going to have them add to their drylands mix... might as well have them throw in some other goodies at a low %: bitter brush, Great Basin Wild Rye, Curl Leaf Mountain Mahogany. And don't be afraid of the simple stuff.... Sage, Mountain Brome, Indian Rice Grass and Needle & Thread.
While I'm not a huge fan of Crested Wheat... I think one should aim a little higher as far as nutritional value, it is hardy and competitive.
Contact Jason or Zeke at Great Basin Seed aka Haystack Mountain Brand.
 
I've enclosed a few examples of the impact cheatgrass has on native browse growth. The first slide shows the desirable and non-digestible qualities and composition of deer browse.

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The bottom slides show the contrasting increase in fresh browse leader growth where cheatgrass is controlled. These measurements are the means from 6 different locations. Collected from sprayed vs immediately adjacent non-sprayed sites. 20 plants/site. The mean leader biomass/shrub plant increased by 7.3x where cheatgrass was controlled.

I'm hoping to get these analyzed in the near future for the nutritional components in the first slide.
 
If anybody has any influence.. I suggest it'd be beneficial to have a state program, targeting owners of small parcels of land, offering treatment resources for invasive vegeatation. i.e. herbicides, seed mixes, equipment/crew for cultivating/spraying. So much winter range is currently held by landowners in small 5-20 acre parcels. Individually they do not have the resources to attack the problem. Soil & Water Conservation district taxes could be utilized that would benefit wildlife and water resources. Just a thought.
I am aware of Grazing Improvement program but it is only available where livestock grazing currently exists and is measurable. At least that is my knowledge.
 
There is definitely $ out there if groups are willing to search for them. One idea is grants and cost-share programs that can be set up to do the exact thing you mentioned. The challenge is to get land managers and landowners motivated to meet, formulate a plan, and conduct such projects in your area.
 
Yep he’s right. Some won’t hurt but a lot won’t do anything it just goes right through them. It’s the same way with cows. Maybe try steam rolled, it can stay with them longer.
Curious does this change after a few weeks eating it? Does their gut/bacteria adjust and they can get nutrients from it?
 
This was taken directly from the article in Blanks post above and should answer your question Don:

"Ruminant animals can have difficulties adapting to rapid changes in their diet. The rumen microbial community must change with season, intake, and diet as specific types of microbes are associated with different kinds of forage. Rapid changes in diet during a wet spring or following a wildfire can result in short-term gastrointestinal disturbances.

More frequently these rapid changes are human induced, such as translocation into new habitat or placement of novel food sources like alfalfa or grain. Grains placed as bait for hunting or trapping may result in over consumption and death from grain toxicity. Historically, well-intentioned emergency winter feeding of high-quality alfalfa to nutritionally stressed ungulates in deep snow resulted in large numbers dying with full rumens that they were incapable of digesting.

Ruminants may starve (or suffer from chronic malnutrition) with a rumen full of food-just food that was not possible to be digested adequately. Microbial communities typically require 2- 4 weeks to adapt to changes in diets, and gradual dietary alterations over similar time periods are more favorable than are immediate or rapid changes in their diet."
 
Thanks! Around here SOME deer eat in cornfields, only for a few months. I am very curious what corn will do to the average deer here in Ohio. I am going to read up and see how long it takes a deer to be able to digest corn. Weeks? Months? I learned about this a few years ago and wish I could remember all the intel.

Thanks!
 
It's a matter of different microbes in their belly's gradually increasing over time....rather than rapid changes in their diets. Someone suddenly throwing out corn where deer don't usually have corn would likely be bad idea. Especially in winter when they are stressed. The article mentions a gradual 2 to 4 week change is better than abrupt changes.

My guess is that if deer are in corn fields eating in the early fall they likely have microbes built up in their stomachs. If deer continue eating corn it likely won't be as bad as if 2 months after the corn is harvested and tilled under corn is suddenly re-introduced in their diets in large amounts.

I know a lot of midwest and east guys add supplements to deer diets. If this is done year-round they likely have less negative impacts than if suddenly introduced in October or November.
 
It's a matter of different microbes in their belly's gradually increasing over time....rather than rapid changes in their diets. Someone suddenly throwing out corn where deer don't usually have corn would likely be bad idea. Especially in winter when they are stressed. The article mentions a gradual 2 to 4 week change is better than abrupt changes.

My guess is that if deer are in corn fields eating in the early fall they likely have microbes built up in their stomachs. If deer continue eating corn it likely won't be as bad as if 2 months after the corn is harvested and tilled under corn is suddenly re-introduced in their diets in large amounts.

I know a lot of midwest and east guys add supplements to deer diets. If this is done year-round they likely have less negative impacts than if suddenly introduced in October or November.
Someone dumping out 50-pound bags of low-fiber, high-carb food like corn or even alfalfa hay can cause deer to develop acute acidosis
 
Thanks! I was guessing a few weeks and I did know dumping out a bunch of new stuff when deer and not doing good is a bad idea. Many people do not know this - unfortunately for the deer.
 

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