Just an example:
New Mexico's Indian Tribes Vow to Defy Move to Close Casinos
By GEORGE JOHNSON
Published: Thursday, December 21, 1995
Since July, when the New Mexico Supreme Court ruled that the state's Indian-run casinos were operating in defiance of the law, United States Attorney John J. Kelly has been under pressure from legislators and gambling opponents to close the lucrative operations. The Indian tribes, insisting that they have the power of sovereign nations, have refused to stop voluntarily, since gambling has become their economic lifeblood.
So on Thursday, Mr. Kelly announced an ultimatum: By Jan. 15, the 10 tribes operating casinos must shut down or face legal action.
Tribal leaders said they were shocked by the edict and would do everything they could to oppose it. They say pacts that they signed with Gov. Gary E. Johnson, and that were approved by the Federal Department of the Interior, give them the right to run the casinos.
The issue, as they see it, is just whose law they are beholden to. The dispute is over how much leverage tribal sovereignty gives the Indian leaders when they come into confrontation with the Federal Government and state governments.
"We're not going to let anyone come onto our reservation and shut us down," said Randy L. Jiron, First Lieutenant Governor of Isleta Pueblo, south of Albuquerque. "If it comes to going to jail or prison or dying on the line, we have to make a stand. Otherwise, we might as well kiss sovereignty goodbye."
Mr. Jiron said gambling revenue was crucial to pay for projects like a proposed $4.8 million building for the pueblo's young people. The casino employs about 600 people, he said, most of them non-Indians.
Mr. Kelly is allowing the casinos to stay open through the holidays, and has said he will not bring law-enforcement officers onto the reservations to enforce the edict. Instead, he said, the Government will begin legal proceedings to force disobedient tribes to forfeit their gambling equipment. He has not said what he will do if they refuse to comply.
In a letter to the tribes on Wednesday, Mr. Kelly raised the possibility that the Legislature would amend the gambling laws soon after its 1996 session opens on Jan. 16, so the shutdown might last only a few days.
In the 10 months since Governor Johnson, a Republican, signed gambling pacts with the tribes, keeping a promise he made in his 1994 campaign, the corridor along the Rio Grande has shown signs of becoming an elongated Las Vegas strip, with pueblos competing to see which one can build the glitziest casino.
The building boom has continued even though the New Mexico Supreme Court ruled in July that the pacts were illegal because the Governor did not consult with the Legislature. Last month the court went further, ruling that state law did not allow casino gambling.
Under the Federal Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988, tribes can negotiate agreements allowing them to offer any form of gambling permitted elsewhere in the state. Since New Mexico has historically allowed charity casino nights along with raffles and bingo games, Mr. Johnson and the tribes used this as justification to allow full-blown, Las Vegas-style casinos on the reservations.
Mr. Kelly has given the tribes until next Friday to respond to his letter. Meanwhile, the tribes and their lawyers are wondering why they were allowed to go for so long, investing millions of dollars in new casinos, and why the United States Attorney could not have waited another month, when the Legislature would again be in session.
"It's senseless," said Mr. Jiron of Isleta Pueblo. "They let us go all this time and gave us all this rein, and all of a sudden they're trying to stop us."