Ridgerunner,
Haven't pm'd you for a while over on the hiking site. How are things?
I have opinions to offer, as I know the type of terrain you will be hunting (steep, nasty, very remote).
Chambering: sounds like a slam dunk for a 270, 280, or 30-06. You'll find that the 7mm and the '06 are a bit jumpy in a lightweight rifle like you're probably after (personal experience), but they're a whole order of magnitude nicer to shoot than any of the 300 mags and up. You can go round and round with the WSMs and the RUMs and belted mags and weatherbys and others, and maybe get some VERY marginal ballistic help, but stick with the '06 family for great performance and economy. If you reload, get whatever you want!
For Criminy's sake, don't let anyone on here tell you that you need a booming magnum to kill deer and elk. It's where you hit 'em.
Rifle: New or used? Don't discount older rifles. I'm very partial to tang-safety rugers. Don't worry about controlled round feeding vs. push feed or other nonsense. Don't sweat using a blued steel rifle. Keep an oily rag in your stuff and wipe it down every night. Wood can be interesting to manage if it's wet where you're going. I find all but one of my rifles wearing synthetic these days, in spite of my fondness for wood. Some suggestions:
Weatherby Vanguard / Howa 1500 (same rifle) in 30-06 or 270. Pick one up at wally-world for, like, $390. It will probably have a better trigger out of the box than a Rem 700 or Winchester. It will also wear a synthetic stock.
Ruger 77 Tang Safety (made before about 1990): wood stock and blued, but we have, like, five in my extended family, all of which have been hunted with VERY hard. My two (7mag and 300 winmag) shoot itty bitty groups, so don't let anyone say they don't shoot. These early ruger triggers are adjustable, the new ones aren't (my only beef with the new ones).
For the love, DO NOT GET A MUZZLE BREAK. You'll go deaf.
Scopes: For the love, do not get anything with more power than 9-10x, and larger than 40mm obj. lens. YOU DON'T NEED IT. Count points from 1/2 mile away with your friggin binoculars.
Cheap: fixed 4x or 6x leupold from a gun show. $100. Bombproof. Lightweight. Fixodent and forget it.
Medium: 2x7 VX1 or VX2 Leupold. $200 new. Bombproof. Perfect magnification range. Not too much lens (33mm)
High end: 1.5x5, 1.75x6, or 2.5x8 VX3 Leupold. $400 new, <$300 used if you get lucky. 1.5x5 is SWEET - VERY compact and light. 2.5x8 is SWEET - very clear and 36mm obj is manageable. I own both. I don't have, but would snatch up in a heartbeat, the 1.75x6.
Leupold standard dovetail front / windage rear bases, Leupold low rings. Don't get medium or high rings - you have to raise your head up off the stock to shoot with them, and that throws your awkward position (read: hunting) shooting out the window.
This will get you in the game, for potentially less than $600.
BTW, I've used the following items with no tweaking with great results:
Win. 70 post-64 push feed 30-06
Rem. 700 Mountain rifle 280 (dad's rifle, LIGHT, heavy trigger)
Rem. 700 280 (since rebarreled to 35 whelen Ackley)
Ruger 77 7mm mag
Ruger 77 300 Winmag
Leupold 4x, 6x36, 6x42, 1x4 VX2, 2x7 compact, 3x9 VX2, 1.5x5 VX3, 2.5x8 VX3.
Other good, cheap, tough gear:
Pentax DCF-WP binocs (stack them up against the finest swaros or zeiss - they'll surprise you)
LL Bean North Col Boots - SCREAMING deal at $150, stiff leather stitchdown oldschool vibram waffle big steel shank aaahrg aaarhg!! WAY better quality than ANY danner boot (I've had 3 pair of them).
Dana Designs ext. frame packs - discontinued, cheap, will handle more load comfortably than you want to carry (120+#)
Shoot me a PM or email if you have questions!
-Jerry V.