Chris, I'm an insurance agent. What has happened is that insurers were getting bled to death on their homeowners products because the coverage was far too broad, deductibles to low and no penalty existed to filing claims. Admitedly there was poor underwriting as well. They simply have now applied Auto insurance logic to homeowners insurance. Everyone knows if you get a ticket or an accident your rates may increase. Same is true in home now. The "average" homeowner has a cliam ever 14 years or so. So anyone with even 1 in 5 years is ahead of the curve and will pay more, 2 claims and you may pay a LOT more or in many cases, not be offered insurance in preferred markets at all.
A C.L.U.E. report will tell you about losses that have happened for both an individual and or a location. Losses at a location rarely affect the new buyer if they weren't related to the structure itslef. Most carriers are looking for prior water damage claims that may lead to other future sources of loss, mold, rot, collapse etc. You are correct though, you can be penalized for a loss at a home you buy even though it was not your loss.
The issue is not localized any longer. Home insurance is rated by; creit, your losses, the location's losses, age, renovation or update, zip code and fire protection among other things.
General advice, do a CBA. Just assume a 20% increase in your rates for your home after a claim. Multiply that 20% by 5 times this years premiums and you'll come up with a number. If that number is close to the amount of your loss after you pay your deductible, eat the loss and don't file it. Now your rates might not go up or might go up 50% all companies are different, there's no pat answer. If you have an agent you can have a hypothetical discussion about your company and the likely reaction. If you buy direct, where you have an 800 # and no agent... do NOT call them, they won't do what if's it's either a claim or it isn't.
For the most part HO insurance has become a catastrophe product, the days of filing a claim over stolen fishing equipment are gone.